From Interactions to Institutions: Microprocesses of Framing and Mechanisms for the Structuring of Institutional Fields
提出互动框架视角，解释意义如何通过放大和叠加过程从微观互动演变为制度化的文化惯例，并强调框架化发生在政治化的社会背景中，具有双向性。
Despite the centrality of meaning to institutionalization, little attention has been paid to how meanings evolve and amplify to become institutionalized cultural conventions. We develop an interactional framing perspective to explain the microprocesses and mechanisms by which this occurs. We identify three amplification processes and three ways frames stack up or laminate that become the building blocks for diffusion and institutionalization of meanings within organizations and fields. Although we focus on “bottom-up” dynamics, we argue that framing occurs in a politicized social context and is inherently bidirectional, in line with structuration, because microlevel interactions instantiate macrostructures. We consider how our approach complements other theories of meaning making, its utility for informing related theoretical streams, and its implications for organizing at the meso and macro levels.