The Monotonicity of Individual and Market Demand
利用间接效用函数，研究个体需求与市场需求单调性的条件，扩展了Hildenbrand（1983）的结果，指出在收入分布密度函数满足一定条件时，即使个体需求不单调，市场需求也可能单调。
This paper studies the monotonicity of individual and market demand with the aid of the indirect utility function. We identify sufficient (and in a sense, necessary) conditions on an agent's indirect utility which will guarantee that he has a monotonic demand function. Our conditions also point to a natural way of extending the result of Hildenbrand (1983). Hildenbrand showed that market demand is monontonic if the income distribution has a downward sloping density, even though individual agents' demand function might violate monotonicity. Using the indirect utility function, we introduce a measure of violations of individual monotonicity that allows us to identify a larger class of density functions that will generate a monotonic market demand.