Adam Smith's theory of tax incidence: an interpretation of his natural-price system
在李嘉图-斯拉法价格决定体系中考察斯密的税收归宿理论，指出斯密与李嘉图的分歧源于前者将地租作为内生变量、利润率外生给定，而后者相反。
David Ricardo criticized Adam Smith's statement that taxes levied on raw produce, necessities, wages, and profits would fall on rent. Ricardo thought that these taxes would fall on profits. This paper examines Smith's theory of tax incidence in a Ricardo-Sraffa system of price determination. Consequently, the difference between Smith and Ricardo is attributed to two facts: (1) that Smith's system contains rent as an endogenous variable, giving the rate of profits exogenously; and (2) that Ricardo's system does not contain rent, making the rate of profits endogenous. Copyright 1998 by Oxford University Press.