The relationship of participation and effectiveness in strategic planning
研究了十家英国组织中战略规划的参与度和有效性之间的关系，提出了关于有效规划实践与参与体系关系的理论。
Abstract This paper describes the results of a study focusing on effectiveness and participation in strategic planning and their inter‐relationships. The work reported is a comparative study of ten, diverse organizations in the United Kingdom. The paper sets out the frameworks for effectiveness and participation against which the empirical work took place; describes the results of the analysis undertaken; and postulates a number of theories concerning effective planning practice and its relation to participation in the system.