The Means and End of Work
从目的论视角探讨改善工作生活质量的努力，指出企业内不同利益群体对工作手段与目的存在分歧，而社会层面普遍默认经济价值是工作的最终目的，但作者认为经济价值只是实现人类福祉这一更高目的的手段。
This paper offers a teleological perspective on efforts to improve the quality of working life. Our view of working arrangements and what they "should" be is often confused by contradictory ideas of "what we are pursuing" when we seek to alter the present arrangements. At the enterprise level, there is disagreement among the workplace interest groups (e.g., supervisors, the top manager, local-wide union officers, rank-and-file workers, middle managers, etc.) on which are the means and what is the end of work. There is less disagreement at the societal level about what constitutes the "bottom line": in general, there is an implicit acceptance of the view that the end of work is economic. The schemata presented here recognizes the economic value of work, but only as one means toward a higher end: human well-being.