The Law and Labor Strife in the United States, 1881–1894
研究了19世纪末美国各州劳工纠纷相关法律变革对罢工的影响，发现多数法律效果有限，但最高工时法和禁令例外。
This article examines the effect of state-level legal innovations governing labor disputes in the late 1800s. This was a period of legal ferment in which worker organizations and employers actively lobbied state governments for changes in the rules governing labor disputes. Cross-state heterogeneity in the legal environment provides an unusual opportunity to investigate the effects of these laws. We use a unique data set with information on 12,965 strikes to show that most of these law changes had surprisingly little effect on strike incidence or outcomes. Important exceptions were maximum hours laws and the use of injunctions.