TRANSPORTATION COSTS IN REGIONAI, MODELS OF FOREIGN TRADE: AN APPLICATION TO CANADA‐U.S. TRADE*
用可计算一般均衡模型分析运输成本如何影响贸易限制的福利后果，比较了点与距离两种空间设定，发现运输成本对部门贸易和生产结果重要，但对福利结果影响不大。
ABSTRACT. This paper outlines some arguments about the role of transportation costs in determining the welfare consequences of trade restrictions. The analysis uses a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model and presents the relevant features for trade analysis. The model has two alternative spatial formulations. In the first, all production and trade occur at one point, while in the second the regions are separated by distance. The calculated effects of a unilateral tariff increase are compared using the CGE model with the “point” and “distance” formulation. While the presence of transportation costs is crucial to some sectoral trade and production results, most welfare results are relatively insensitive to the spatial structure of the model.