Why Commercial Banks Held Excess Reserves: The Japanese Experience of the Late 1990s
实证研究了1990年代末日本银行持有超额准备金的原因，发现低短期利率和银行脆弱的财务状况是主要因素，并模拟了利率和坏账率变化对超额准备金的影响。
We investigated, empirically, why Japanese banks held excess reserves in the late 1990s. Specifically, we pin down two factors explaining the demand for excess reserves: a low short‐term interest rate, or call rate, and the fragile financial health of banks. The virtually zero call rate increased the demand for excess reserves substantially, and a high bad loans ratio largely contributed to the increase in excess reserve holdings. We found that the holdings of excess reserves would fall by two‐thirds if the call rate were to be raised to its level prior to the adoption of the zero‐interest‐rate policy, and the bad loans ratio were to fall by 50%.