Agreement and thinking alike: ingredients for poor decisions
挑战了组织中应避免冲突的传统观念，提出在结构化环境中鼓励分歧反而能改善决策，并介绍了魔鬼代言人和辩证方法两种技术，对大型企业在不确定环境下的决策有参考价值。
Executive Overview People frequently believe that conflict is to be avoided in organizations. They think that meetings and decisions should reflect agreement and consensus. This article suggests that fostering disagreement in a structured setting may actually lead to better decisions. Two techniques for programming conflict into the decision-making process are suggested—the devil's advocate decision program (DADP) and the dialectic method (DM). In particular, evidence indicates that larger firms operating in uncertain environments benefit from encouraging structured conflict in decision-making. This article challenges managers to consider either the devil's advocate or dialectic methods to program conflict into important organizational decisions.