REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN ITALY: SOCIAL CAPITAL AND THE MEZZOGIORNO
研究了社会规范在促进欠发达地区经济发展中的作用，以意大利南部为例，指出缺乏强调集体行动的社会资本，而存在追求短期个人利益的文化，并据此构建四种资本主义模型解释南北发展差异。
The article looks at the role of social norms as elements in the facilitation of regional economic development in underdeveloped areas. Drawing upon the findings of "Making Democracy Work: Civic traditions in Modern Italy, " the argument is made that social norms play a vital role in determining a region's potential for economic growth. In the case of the Italian South, social norms emphasizing collective action (i.e. social capital) as a viable means of achieving societal goods are absent. What is present in the South is a culture emphasizing individual norms oriented towards short-term individual gains. On the basis of the distinction between social capital and individual norms, four different models of capitalism are developed and used to explain the different trajectories in economic development that have manifested themselves during the last three decades in southern Italy vis-a-vis the North and Centre of the country. Copyright 1995 by Oxford University Press.