A framework for understanding dysempowerment in organizations
提出失权概念，指个体将某些工作事件视为对尊严的冒犯，从而产生情感反应，影响任务动机。构建了预测失权影响因素的命题，并分类了失权与赋权并存的组织氛围。
The concept of dysempowerment is introduced as a process whereby an individual perceives certain work events as affronts to one's dignity. This perception results in affective responses that generate attitudes and behaviors having the potential to disrupt or impair the individual's task motivation. We specify propositions to predict the impact of factors on potential dysempowerment, and we present a typology to characterize organizational climates that result from the coexistence of dysempowerment and empowerment.