How Did Workers Benefit from Bolivia's Emergency Social Fund?
衡量了玻利维亚紧急社会基金（ESF）对工人就业和收入的影响，发现参与项目的工人时薪提高12.8%，周工作时间延长9.5小时，周收入增加32%，且最贫困者获益最大。
Bolivia's Emergency Social Fund (ESF) was established to cushion the adverse effects on the poor of the economic crisis and subsequent stabilization program in the 1980s and to facilitate transition through the phases of structural adjustment. The ESF provided temporary employment opportunities by funding small-scale, labor-intensive projects that were proposed by local governmental and nongovernmental organizations. This article measures the impact of the ESF program on employment and income of workers in the ESF projects. For the average ESF worker, hourly wages were 12.8 percent higher, the work week was 9.5 hours longer, and weekly earnings were 32 percent higher than what they would have been without the ESF. Taking into account the probability that the individual may not have worked without the ESF leads to larger gains. The greatest benefits from participating in the program were received by those who would have been least well-off without it.