How Access to Credit Affects Self-employment: Differences by Gender during India's Rural Banking Reform
利用印度1983-2000年家庭调查数据，研究发现信贷获取促进女性成为自雇者或雇主，但减少男性作为无薪家庭工人的自雇；土地所有权是自雇的重要预测因素，且低种姓群体自雇概率存在差异。
Abstract Household survey data for 1983–2000 from India's National Sample Survey Organisation are used to examine the impact of credit on self-employment among men and women in rural labour households. Results indicate that credit access encourages women's self-employment as own-account workers and employers, while it discourages men's self-employment as unpaid family workers. Ownership of land, a key form of collateral, also serves as a strong predictor of self-employment. Among the lower castes in India, self-employment is less likely for scheduled castes prone to wage activity, but more likely for scheduled tribes prone to entrepreneurial work.