Regoverning markets: a place for small-scale producers in modern agrifood chains? * B. Vorley, A. Fearne and D. Ray (Eds)
本书通过16个案例研究，分析超市全球化如何改变农食供应链，并探讨非洲、亚洲和拉丁美洲小规模生产者融入现代市场的障碍与政策建议。
The international expansion of supermarkets and concomitant transformation of food production and distribution systems has emerged as an issue of global importance during the past decade. As such, the purported globalization of food retailing has drawn increasing attention from geographers and economists alike, who have identified a host of profound implications for producers, consumers, suppliers, domestic competitors and workers in both developed and developing countries. The salience of the ‘supermarket revolution’ within developing countries is further highlighted by the World Bank's 2008 World Development Report Agriculture for Development that focuses specifically on the barriers impeding participation of small-scale agricultural producers in global commodity chains and potential opportunities for improving rural livelihoods. Like the 2008 World Development Report, Regoverning Markets: A Place for Small-scale Producers in Modern Agrifood Chains? attempts to understand how the global expansion of supermarkets has transformed food retailing supply networks and to identify appropriate policy prescriptions to increase the integration of small-scale producers in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Regoverning Markets emerges from an eponymous multinational initiative based at the International Institute for Environment and Development and consists of 16 case studies bracketed by introductory and concluding chapters. The first chapter draws primarily on the international development literature (and specifically, the work of Reardon and colleagues) and offers a cursory overview of the globalization of retailing, its implications for food production and distribution systems, and the primary challenges and potential opportunities for small-scale producers. The case studies come from 18 countries (the chapter on Central America includes Nicaragua, Honduras and Costa Rica), divided into three sections based on the structure of countries’ economic systems and degree of supermarket penetration. The initial five case studies focus on supply networks in countries where supermarkets have consolidated their market presence after rapid expansion; the following five chapters review the transformation of food retailing procurement practices in countries that have transitioned from centralized planning to market economic systems; and the final six case studies assess countries with limited supermarket penetration, little foreign investment and relatively strong traditional retailing channels and supply networks. In each chapter, contributors initially discuss the structure of the country's food retailing sector and the penetration of domestic and foreign supermarket chains, followed by brief case studies highlighting the successes and failures of local actors—small-scale growers, intermediaries and food processors—in supplying domestic and international production and distribution systems. The final chapter attempts to synthesize the findings of case studies, reviews the most pervasive supply network transformations (centralized procurement, specialized wholesalers, preferred suppliers and private standards), and offers a set of recommendations for a diverse set of stakeholders, including policymakers, producers, food retailers, donor agencies and scholars.