Organizational Improvisation: What, When, How and Why
综述组织即兴的研究文献，给出整合定义和测量方法，探讨其触发因素、条件、影响因素和结果，论证该概念在实践和研究中的合法化需求。
In this article, the authors review the growing body of literature on organizational improvisation in order to present an encompassing and systematic perspective on this concept. An integrative definition of its construct is presented together with a new way of measuring this phenomenon in organizational settings. The article further explores this construct by presenting its triggers, necessary conditions, influencing factors and major outcomes. The issues of improvisation’s growing legitimization in the organizational arena for practitioners and researchers alike are addressed in order to argue for the need for and interest in a fuller development research on this concept.