Energy crises and change of technology
为芬兰金属产品和机械行业构建生产模型，研究能源危机引发的结构性变化，发现技术变革中的节能偏向在增强。
Abstract A production model is formulated for the Finnish metal product and machinery industry for studying energy crises‐related structural changes. Two models are estimated: a partial static equilibrium model, where capital is treated as a fixed input in the short run, and a dynamic model, where adjustment costs of the capital input are taken into account. Alternative hypotheses of structural change are formulated as gradual parameter shifts. The results show that some of the energy‐related parameters have changed over time. Also the contributions of parameter changes and variations in the average values of the variables on the changes in the energy demand elasticities are studied. The most important effect is the strengthening of the energy‐saving bias in technical change.