Reconciling logical incrementalism and synoptic formalism—an integrated approach to designing strategic planning processes
提出一个框架，将逻辑渐进主义（强调互动）与综合形式主义（强调分析）整合到战略规划过程设计中，建议每年进行综合规划，中间年份进行渐进调整。
Abstract The advocates of logical incrementalism and synoptic formalism in strategic planning emphasize, respectively, the interactive and analytical dimensions of the planning process. This paper suggests a framework for designing planning processes that permits a symbiotic integration of both approaches. In particular, synoptic exercises scheduled at intervals of more than a year, with incremental exercises in the intervening years are recommended.