The Motherhood Earnings Dip: Evidence from Administrative Records
利用西班牙社保记录，研究了母亲转向兼职、经验积累减少或转向低薪工作等渠道，解释了71%的个体固定效应母亲工资差距，发现产前收入优势在产后消失，平均需九年恢复。
Using Spanish Social Security records, we document the channels through which mothers fall onto a lower earnings track, such as shifting into parttime work, accumulating lower experience, or transitioning to lower- paying jobs, and are able to explain 71 percent of the unconditional individual fixed effects motherhood wage gap. The earnings trajectories' analysis reveals that mothers to be experience important relative earnings increases several years before giving birth but this earnings' advantage falls right after birth, taking in average nine years to recover. Heterogeneity matters as most of the motherhood dip is driven by workers with permanent contracts.