Bullying in Elementary School
利用丹麦1990-92年出生儿童的数据，通过工具变量法发现小学欺凌会降低学生后来的GPA，且影响随欺凌严重程度增加。
Bullying is a widespread social phenomenon that is thought to have detrimental effects on life outcomes. This paper investigates the link between bullying and later school performance. We rely on rich survey and register-based data for children born in a region of Denmark during 1990–92, which allows us to carefully consider possible confounders including psychological factors. We implement an IV strategy inspired by Carrell and Hoekstra (2010) where we instrument victim status with the proportion of peers from troubled homes in one’s classroom. We show that bullied children suffer in terms of GPA and effects tend to increase with severity.