A Genuine Rank-Dependent Generalization of the Von Neumann-Morgenstern Expected Utility Theorem
在冯·诺伊曼和摩根斯坦的公理化框架中，通过弱化独立性公理为随机占优和概率权衡一致性条件，推导出秩依赖偏好函数，为概率加权提供了自然基础，并允许对结果空间完全灵活，从而实现了无参数检验。
This paper uses "revealed probability trade-offs" to provide a natural foundation for probability weighting in the famous von Neumann and Morgenstern axiomatic set-up for expected utility. In particular, it shows that a rank-dependent preference functional is obtained in this set-up when the independence axiom is weakened to stochastic dominance and a probability trade-off consistency condition. In contrast with the existing axiomatizations of rank-dependent utility, the resulting axioms allow for complete flexibility regarding the outcome space. Consequently, a parameter-free test/elicitation of rank-dependent utility becomes possible. The probability-oriented approach of this paper also provides theoretical foundations for probabilistic attitudes towards risk. It is shown that the preference conditions that characterize the shape of the probability weighting function can be derived from simple probability trade-off conditions.