Wage and Employment Determination under Trade Unionism: The International Typographical Union
研究国际印刷工会的工资和就业数据，检验工会是否在雇主劳动需求约束下最大化包含工资和就业的目标函数，发现工资总额最大化和租金最大化假设的解释力不如更一般的模型。
The wages and employment of typographers are examined to see whether they can be usefully characterized as the outcome of a process by which the union maximizes an objective function containing wages and employment and is constrained by a trade-off between these two variables as represented by the employer's labor demand function. Our functional form assumptions permit investigation of some familiar special cases of union behavior. The parameter implications of both the wage bill maximization hypothesis and the rent maximization hypothesis provide inferior explanations of the movement of wages and employment of these workers compared with our more general formulation.