The Measurement of Entrepreneurial Orientation
回顾了创业导向（EO）在以往研究中的描述与评估方式，探讨了形成性与反射性测量方法的挑战与决策标准，并指出EO作为潜在构念独立于其测量，研究者可自由选择适合的测量方法。
This article explores how the concept of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) has been portrayed and assessed in prior research. The challenges and decision criteria associated with formative versus reflective measurement approaches are reviewed. It is argued that, as a latent construct, EO exists apart from its measures and that researchers are free to choose whichever measurement approach best serves their research purposes, recognizing that unidimensional versus multidimensional EO measurement models are consistent with fundamentally different conceptualizations of the EO construct. Recommendations are offered regarding potentially appropriate formative and reflective measures of EO.