The Variation of Productivity within British and German Industries
比较了英国和德国15个匹配行业中生产率的离散程度，发现英国在多数行业中生产率差异更大，存在大量低生产率企业，易受欧洲单一市场冲击。
Unweighted average labor productivities indicate an even larger German advantage over Britain than the usual employment-weighted averages. The difference between these two averages is used to compare the dispersion of productivity within fifteen matched industries with positive correlations between productivity and size. In eight of them, the dispersion of productivity in Britain appears to be higher, which is consistent with a long tail of low productivity businesses vulnerable to the Single European Market. British vulnerability in the remaining seven industries is even greater. Copyright 1992 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.