Following Up on Smallholder Farmers and Supermarkets in Kenya
用面板数据研究肯尼亚小农户参与超市渠道的动态，发现参与能带来收入增长，但许多农户因约束退出，回到传统市场后收入无法维持，需组织支持以避免收入差距扩大。
In many developing countries, supermarkets are expanding rapidly. This affects farmers’ marketing options. Previous studies have analyzed welfare effects of smallholder participation in supermarket channels from a static perspective, using cross‐section data. We develop a conceptual framework and use panel data to better understand participation and impact dynamics. The analysis focuses on vegetable producers in Kenya. Participation in supermarket channels is associated with income gains. However, many farmers have dropped out of the supermarket channel due to various constraints. The initial income gains cannot be sustained when returning to the traditional market. Organizational support may be needed to avoid widening income disparities.