A Model of Union Membership: Instrumentality, Commitment, and Opposition
识别并描述了八种工会会员类型，基于工会工具性与承诺、以及负面意识形态与工具性的交互作用，构建理论模型，并讨论其对研究和工会发展的意义。
Eight specific types of union members are identified and described. Four of these member types were developed based on an interactive relationship between union instrumentality and union commitment. The other four types were based on interactions between negative views of union ideology and union instrumentality. A theoretical model of the eight member types was used to synthesize the literature on union membership. Implications that the model has for research and for union growth and participation are discussed.