PROACTIVE VERSUS REACTIVE MANAGER: IS THE DICHOTOMY REALISTIC?
研究了16位高层管理者的主动与反应行为模式，与文献观点对比，认为这种二分法过于简单，并提出了更复杂的模型。
The terms proactive and reactive are frequently used to describe managers. This paper examines the proactive‐reactive behaviour patterns of 16 top‐level managers and compares their behaviour patterns with conceptual views from the literature. The usefulness of the proactive‐reactive dichotomy is evaluated and issues are raised concerning the proactive‐reactive label. It is concluded that the dichotomy is overly simplistic for describing complex managerial behaviour and a more complex model is proposed for examining the proactive dimension.