Aftershocks: The Impact of Clinic Violence on Abortion Services
研究了1973至2003年间美国反堕胎暴力事件如何影响堕胎提供者的服务决策和女性的堕胎选择，发现暴力减少了目标地区的堕胎服务，但考虑旅行因素后总体影响较小。
Between 1973 and 2003, abortion providers in the United States were the targets of over 300 acts of extreme violence. Using unique data on attacks and on abortions, abortion providers, and births, we examine how anti-abortion violence has affected providers' decisions to perform abortions and women's decisions about whether and where to terminate a pregnancy. We find that clinic violence reduces abortion services in targeted areas. Once travel is taken into account, however, the overall effect of the violence is much smaller.