On the state, democratization and some conceptual problems: A Latin American view with glances at some postcommunist countries
认为要理解民主化过程，必须修正当前的国家概念，特别是其法律维度，并据此对比了巩固的民主与新兴民主国家的民主形式，引入了委托式民主、低强度公民身份等概念。
The article argues that for proper understanding of many processes of democratization, current conceptions of the state must be revised, especially with reference to its legal dimension. On this basis several contrasts are drawn between representative, consolidated democracies and the democratic (i.e., polyarchical) forms that are emerging in most newly democratized countries, East and South. From this perspective, various phenomena not presently theorized (except as deviations from a presumed modal pattern of democratization) are discussed. Concepts such as delegative democracy, low-intensity citizenship and a state which combines strong democratic and authoritarian features are introduced for the purpose of that discussion.