Dissecting Trade: Firms, Industries, and Export Destinations
利用法国制造业企业数据，分析企业进入113个出口市场的模式，发现企业出口参与差异大、多市场出口企业数量随目的地数递减，且市场进入主要受市场份额而非市场规模驱动，为贸易模型提供实证基础。
We examine entry across 113 national markets in 16 different industries using a comprehensive data set of French manufacturing firms. The data are unique in indicating how much each firm exports to each destination. Looking across all manufacturers: (1) Firms differ substantially in export participation, with most selling only at home; (2) The number of firms selling to multiple markets falls off with the number of destinations with an elasticity of ?2.5; (3) Decomposing French exports to each destination into the size of the market and French share, variation in market share translates nearly completely into firm entry while about 60 percent of the variation in market size is reflected in firm entry. Looking within each of 16 industries we find little variation in these patterns. We propose that any successful model of trade and market structure must confront these facts.