Converting global presence into global competitive advantage
指出全球存在本身并不带来竞争优势，而是通过适应本地市场、利用规模与范围经济、优化选址和知识转移等机会创造价值，并提出了两步分析法帮助管理者克服障碍。
Executive Overview Global presence by itself does not confer global competitive advantage. Global presence makes available to the firm's managers five value-creation opportunities: to adapt to local market differences, to exploit economies of global scale, to exploit economies of global scope, to tap optimal locations for activities and resources, and to maximize knowledge transfer across locations. However, each of these opportunities is associated with significant obstacles and challenges that often prevent firms from exploiting them optimally. To overcome these challenges, managers need to adopt a two-step approach for analysis and action. They should first evaluate the optimality of the firm's global network for each value-chain activity along the dimensions of activity architecture, competencies at the locations, and coordination across locations. Based on this evaluation, they should then design and execute actions to mitigate or eliminate the suboptimalities.