The Role of Institutional and Market Forces in Divergent Organizational Change
研究了1984至1991年间美国乡村医院在核心活动上放弃制度化模板的激进变革，发现市场力量（如竞争距离、服务劣势）和制度力量（如州法规、所有权与治理规范）共同推动了这种分化性变革。
This paper focuses on a radical change, in which organizations abandon an institutionalized template for arranging their core activities, that is likely to occur in organizational fields that have strong, local market forces and strong but heterogeneous institutional forces. We examine the role of market forces and heterogeneous institutional elements in promoting divergent change in core activities among all U.S. rural hospitals from 1984 to 1991. Results support the view that divergent change depends on both market forces (proximity to competitors, disadvantages in service mix) and institutional forces (state regulation, ownership and governance norms, and mimicry of models of divergent change).