Organizational Effectiveness: A Multiple-Constituency Approach
指出当前组织有效性研究存在概念冲突和实证不足的问题，提出多利益相关方方法，认为不同群体对组织有效性的评价不同，并探讨了这一转向的理论与实证意义。
Current approaches to organizational effectiveness are conceptually conflicting and empirically arid. They appear handicapped by a desire to produce a single effectiveness statement about any given organization. We propose a “multiple-constituency” approach to avoid this requirement, explicitly assuming that an organization's different constituencies will form different assessments of its effectiveness. We also suggest several conceptual and empirical implications of this reorientation.