Russian Living Standards under the Tsars: Anthropometric Evidence from the Volga
基于新收集的档案数据，估计了1755至1892年俄罗斯萨拉托夫省居民的平均身高趋势，发现18世纪末身高下降，19世纪缓慢上升，不支持1861年农奴制废除前后存在农业危机的假设。
The trend in mean height in the Russian province of Saratov is estimated for birth cohorts from 1755 to 1892 on the basis of newly gathered archival data and published sources. Heights fell in the late eighteenth century due an increasing burden of taxes and feudal dues. Stature increased slowly throughout the nineteenth century, offering no support for the hypothesis of an agrarian crisis that provoked or followed from the abolition of serfdom in 1861. Improving living conditions can be attributed to economic development, rising productivity in agriculture, and diversification of peasant economic activity into other sectors.