Real Estate Mortgages, Foreclosures, and Midwestern Agrarian Unrest, 1865–1920
重新审视了农场抵押止赎的恐惧是否为19世纪末20世纪初美国农业改革运动的重要推动力，发现尽管平均止赎率低，但特定地区的暂时性止赎效应与动荡显著相关。
The hypothesis that the fear of foreclosure of farm mortgages provided an important impetus to American agrarian reform movements of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is reconsidered. This hypothesis is consistent with the observation that farm income, although volatile, on average improved over this period.Indeed, despite low average foreclosure rates, the temporary effects of foreclosures on specific regions in which there was unrest appears to have been dramatic. An examination of indebtedness data and measures of unrest both for the period of the Alliance movement and for the era of the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota appears to support the hypothesis linking the fear of foreclosure to agrarian unrest.