The Effect of Local Demand on Industry Location
比较美国大都市区制造业就业的地理分布与本地需求估算值，发现本地需求对许多产业有显著的长期和短期区位效应，并探讨了需求侧集聚经济、技术强度等因素如何影响这种效应。
This paper compares the geographic dispersion of employment in manufacturing industries across U.S. metropolitan areas with an imputed measure of local industry demand. The results indicate that local demand has significant long-term and short-term location effects in many industries, including some with negligible transportation costs. Variation in location patterns across industries indicates that demand-side agglomeration economies and technological intensity strengthen the pull of local demand, while supply-side economies of scale and agglomeration effects weaken it. Implications are discussed with regard to international trade, technological change, industrialization and development, urban and regional issues, and industrial organization. Copyright 1994 by MIT Press.