A modified measure of health care disparities applied to birth weight disparities and subsequent mortality
提出一种修正的基尼指数来更准确估计医疗差异，既能比较群体间差异（如西班牙裔与非西班牙裔白人），也能衡量群体内部差异（如哪些西班牙裔受歧视最重），并应用于出生体重和产前护理数据，发现出生时差异与一岁内婴儿死亡率上升相关。
We describe how a modified Gini index serves as an improved method of estimating health care disparities. The method, although general, is applied to an example of birth weight disparities and to their effect on subsequent mortality. The method provides the between-group results obtainable from current methods (i.e. how Hispanics generally fare relative to non-Hispanic Whites) but adds measures of within-group disparities (i.e. which specific Hispanics experience the greatest disparate treatment). Our application to birth weights and receipt of prenatal care, which may provide an upper bound because of omitted variables, shows that the time-of-birth disparities are associated with increased infant mortality within the first year of life.