Fit, Equifinality, and Organizational Effectiveness: A Test of Two Configurational Theories
研究了明茨伯格以及迈尔斯和斯诺的构型理论，通过构建匹配模型并检验等效性假设，发现迈尔斯和斯诺的理论能预测组织有效性24%的变异，而明茨伯格的理论未获支持。
Mintzberg's and Miles and Snow's configurational theories have both received widespread attention. Most researchers, however, have interpreted these theories in terms of categories of organizations rather than organizational configurations based on ideal types. We explicated the logical structure of configurational theories and developed a set of configurational fit models that are congruent with alternative assumptions of equifinality, which is the premise that multiple organizational forms are equally effective. Then the two theories were formalized with these models and tested empirically. Contrary to our expectations, the results do not support Mintzberg's theory that organizations will be more effective to the extent that they resemble his five ideal types. In contrast with these null results, configurational fit based on Miles and Snow's theory predicted 24 percent of the variance in overall organizational effectiveness.