LEARNING WITHIN A LEARNER CONTROL TRAINING ENVIRONMENT: THE INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF GOAL ORIENTATION AND METACOGNITIVE INSTRUCTION ON LEARNING OUTCOMES
研究发现在高学习者控制的网络培训中，元认知活动对知识获取、技能表现和自我效能有积极作用，且目标导向与元认知指导的交互作用影响元认知活动水平。
This study proposes that effective engagement in metacognitive activities is critical to success in high learner‐control training environments. A model was developed that focuses on the interactive effects of goal orientation and a metacognitive training intervention on metacognitive activity and learning outcomes. Seventy‐nine participants completed a Web‐based training course on how to create Web pages. Consistent with expectations, learners reporting greater levels of metacognitive activity during training gained more declarative knowledge, performed better on a skill‐based measure, and had higher levels of self‐efficacy. Metacognitive activity was also found to partially mediate the relationship between goal orientation and learning outcomes. Finally, the expected goal orientation by intervention interaction was found. The metacognitive intervention was beneficial in enhancing metacognitive activity for trainees with low performance‐avoidance orientations, but resulted in lower metacognitive activity among highly avoidant learners. Implications of these findings for research on self‐regulation and training practice are discussed.