Surplus Distribution from the Introduction of a Biotechnology Innovation
分析了1996年美国引入Bt棉花后全球福利的分配情况，发现美国农民获得最大份额（59%），其次是基因开发者孟山都（21%），对理解技术创新的利益分配有参考价值。
Abstract We examine the distribution of welfare from the introduction of Bt cotton in the United States in 1996. The welfare framework explicitly recognizes that research protected by intellectual property rights generates monopoly profits, and makes it possible to partition these rents among consumers, farmers, and the innovating input firms. We calculate a total increase in world surplus of $@@‐@@240.3 million for 1996. Of this total, the largest share (59%) went to U.S. farmers. The gene developer, Monsanto, received the next largest share (21%), followed by U.S. consumers (9%), the rest of the world (6%), and the germplasm supplier, Delta and Pine Land Company (5%).