Bonds without Bondsmen: Tenant-Right in Nineteenth-Century Ireland
研究了十九世纪爱尔兰佃户出售其持有地的权利（佃户权利），提出地主尊重该权利是因为能从中获利，该权利充当了防止欠租的债券，是地主收入最大化策略的一部分。
Tenant-right, or a tenant's right to sell his holding, was one of the most puzzling institutions of nineteenth-century Irish land tenure. Historians have argued that the institution reflects the tenants' assertions of a proprietary interest in the land, an assertion often backed up by threats and violence. In this article we argue that landlords respected tenant-right because they could profit from the instistution. Our model reflects comments by contemporaries and explains that tenant-right functioned as a bond aganist nonpayment of rent and was part of a rational landlord's income-maximizing strategy.