THE EVOLUTION OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION IN ENGLAND AND WALES PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS
追溯了英格兰和威尔士农业推广的演变，分析其从推广组织向咨询机构的转变及其影响，并质疑客户付费的咨询模式能否提升推广效果以及政府政策能否通过外包实现。
This paper traces the evolution of agricultural extension in England and Wales and reflects on the reasons for the changes which have occurred in its structure, direction and funding. It describes the change from an extension to a consultancy organisation, analyses the effects of such a change, and examines some of the early mistakes in undertaking it. Questions are raised about whether advice paid for by the client improves the focus of extension and enhances the effectiveness of the relationship between adviser and client. It also questions whether Government policies towards agriculture could be equally well carried out by contracting out the work of extension to the private sector.