Changing economic order and European integration
梳理二战后欧洲政治举措与经济力量互动的三个阶段，指出贸易与资本流动增强但劳动力流动不足，并探讨经济货币联盟的争议及失业与不平等对经济秩序合法性的挑战。
The interaction between political initiatives and autonomous economic forces in Europe has developed through three phases since the Second World War. The first may be characterised as high growth and the creation of common institutions; the second, stagnation; and the third, the creation of the ‘internal market’. The recent period has seen greater trade and capital, though not labour or mobility. Intervention has become the exception. The creation of complete economic and monetary union should be the key issue of the 1990s. There remains, however, considerable disagreement over the benefits of the monetary union and the effectiveness of the exchange rate instrument in macro-economic policy. As high unemployment becomes a structural feature of the European economy, and as economic inequality grows, the legitimacy of the new economic order is being increasingly challenged.