The Varieties of Resource Experience: Natural Resource Export Structures and the Political Economy of Economic Growth
研究发现，以石油、矿产和种植园作物为主的“点源”资源出口国，因出口结构本身削弱了应对冲击的制度能力，导致增长减速更严重；而“分散型”资源出口国则未出现同样问题。
Abstract: Many oil, mineral, and plantation crop-based economies experienced a substantial deceleration of growth since the commodity boom and bust of the 1970s and early 1980s. Rodrik (1999) has demonstrated that the magnitude of a country’s growth deceleration since the 1970s is a function of both the magnitude of the shocks and a country’s “social capability ” for adapting to shocks. In this paper, we demonstrate that in this respect countries, with what we term “point source ” natural resource exports are doubly disadvantaged. Not only are countries with these types of exports exposed to terms of trade shocks, but the institutional capability for responding to shocks is itself endogenous and negatively related to export composition. Using two different sources of export data and classifications of export composition, we show that point source and coffee/cocoa exporting countries do worse across an array of governance indicators (controlling for a wide array of other potential determinants of governance). This is not just a function of being a “natural resource ” exporter, as countries with natural resource exports that are “diffuse ” do not show the same strong differences—and have had more robust growth recoveries.