Outsourcing, Imports and Labour Demand
研究了德国制造业中购买服务和进口中间材料对不同技能劳动力需求的影响，发现产出和资本增长比劳动与非劳动投入之间的替代效应更能解释异质性劳动力需求的变化。
This paper examines the effects of purchased services and imported intermediate materials on the labour demand for different skills in German manufacturing sectors. We derive and estimate a factor demand system based on the generalised Box–Cox cost function nesting both the normalised quadratic and the translog functional form. We find that the impacts of output and capital growth are more important in explaining the demand for heterogeneous labour than substitution effects between labour and non–labour inputs. Similarly, the increasing use of both imported materials and purchased services is a consequence of output growth rather than input substitution.