Freedom, Property Rights and Innovation in Socialism*
分析不同产权制度对创新流的影响，以南斯拉夫经济为例，指出劳动参与管理集体化创新会减少潜在创新者数量、创新动力和激励，而私有财产自由市场经济更有利于创新。
SUMMARY The central issue in this paper is the effect of alternative property rights on the flow of innovation. The basis for this issue arises from the fact that people prefera wider range of choices to a narrow one. The analysis is broken down into: the freedom to innovate, the power to innovate, the incentives to innovate, the implementation of innovation, and the evaluation of innovation. The line of reasoning in the paper is exampled by reference to the Yugoslav economy. The paper concludes that an essential problem of economic development is the freedom to search for and adopt a set of social institutions within which opportunities and incentives for innovation are enhanced. Specifically, labor participation in management collectivizes innovation, a purely individual phenomenon, and alienates the innovator from its outcome. In comparison with a private‐property, free‐market economy, self‐management reduces the number of potential innovators, their power to innovate, and incentives to innovate.