An Action Perspective: The Crux of the New Management
提出“行动视角”这一新兴管理观念，强调自下而上的组织行动而非自上而下的理性设计，并基于对工业自动化公司Allen-Bradley的研究，探讨其对结构、战略、系统和人力资源四个管理领域的意义，帮助管理者避免过度关注设计而忽视行动。
Much has been written about the emergence of a new management paradigm in recent years. However, it is perhaps better to think of the current changes in organizations as entailing a new perspective on managing rather than a new paradigm outright. This article develops the notion of an perspective, an emerging managerial outlook that focuses on bottom-up organizational action rather than top-down rational designs. Drawing on their study of a unit of the industrial automation company Allen-Bradley, the authors discuss the meaning of an action perspective for four broad areas of management: structure, strategy, systems, and human resources. Thinking in terms of an action perspective can help managers avoid the traps of an over-attention to design when implementing new ideas. Managers must carefully distinguish between using designs as pragmatic tools for organizational action versus using them as ends in themselves.