Does Agricultural Extension Pay? The Training and Visit System in Northwest India
比较印度西北部两个相邻地区（一个采用培训与访问推广体系，一个采用旧体系）的农场数据，发现新体系使小麦产量提高9.33%，投资回报率至少15%。
Abstract The paper presents the results from a study of the effect of the Training and Visit (T…V) System of agricultural extension on farm productivity. Two adjacent areas in northwest India, one with T…V extension and one with an older system, are compared, utilizing farm‐level data. Econometric analysis demonstrates that the T…V area had a wheat yield advantage of 9.33% after four years of T…V extension. The baseline yield differential was calculated as 3.01%. The gain attributable to T…V is shown to imply a return of at least 15% to the incremental investment in extension with high probability.