Exchange rate, fiscal and agricultural policies in Africa: Does adjustment hurt the poor?
研究了非洲结构调整计划中的贸易、汇率、财政和农业政策改革，发现贸易和汇率改革降低了经济租金并改善了相对价格，有利于城乡穷人，而财政改革和社会支出仍不够进步。
Trade, exchange rate, fiscal, and agricultural sector policy reforms are the pillars of structural adjustment programs in Africa. Results indicate that trade and exchange rate reforms are associated with a large decline in economic rents and a shift in relative prices that favor the rural and urban poor. Fiscal reforms have not brought about draconian belt-tightening measures, although the incidence of public spending, particularly in the social sectors and in terms of public sector employment, remains far from progressive. Reduction of export crop taxation contributes to higher incomes for the poor, and domestic food crop liberalization has not led to increases in purchase prices of staple commodities for most low-income households.