Bank Ownership and Efficiency
用多种方法分析德国银行业中不同所有权类型（国有、互助、私有）的成本和利润效率，发现私有银行并不比国有和互助银行更高效，后两者反而有轻微优势。
Agency issues associated with different types of firm ownership are an area of concern in many banking systems where state-owned banks operate alongside mutual and private-sector institutions. This paper uses a variety of approaches to model cost and profit inefficiencies as well as technical change for different ownership types in the German banking market. We find little evidence to suggest that privately owned banks are more efficient than their mutual and public-sector counterparts. While all three bank ownership types benefit from widespread economies of scale, inefficiency measures indicate that public and mutual banks have slight cost and profit advantages over their private sector competitors.