Evolution of land tenure institutions and development of agroforestry: evidence from customary land areas of Sumatra
基于苏门答腊实地数据，研究发现习惯土地制度下给植树者提供安全个人所有权会刺激提前植树，虽然对私人可能低效但对全球环境有益，且制度正随土地稀缺而演变。
Abstract It is widely believed that land tenure insecurity under a customary tenure system leads to a socially inefficient resource allocation. This article demonstrates that the practice of granting secure individual ownership to tree planters spurs earlier tree planting, which is inefficient from the private point of view but could be efficient from the viewpoint of the global environment. Regression analysis, based on primary data collected in Sumatra, indicates that an expected increase in tenure security in fact led to early tree planting. It is also found that customary land tenure institutions have been evolving towards greater tenure security responding to increasing scarcity of land.